An individual is considered a student for CalFresh Program purposes if they are:
- 18 through 49 years of age;
- Mentally and physically fit for employment; and
- Enrolled at least half-time (as defined by the public or private institution of higher education).
Individuals meeting the definition of a student are ineligible for CalFresh benefits unless they meet at least one of the student eligibility requirements or exemptions on the day of the interactive interview.
Ineligible students are treated as excluded household (HH) members. Therefore, the income and resources of ineligible students are not considered available to the HH. However, cash contributions from ineligible students to the HH are considered unearned income.
Student eligibility rules do not apply to students who meet at least one student eligibility exemption, listed in the Requirements section.
The CalFresh student eligibility rule does not apply to individuals who are enrolled in non-regular curriculums, including adult programs, remedial education, continuing or community education, professional development, English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL), and workforce development/training programs.
Enrollment in adult schools and community college non-credit classes does not provide credits towards college graduation and is considered a non-credit course. Many adult programs are not for credit and will not count towards enrollment of half-time or more. These programs are not considered to be institutions of higher education for CalFresh purposes. Therefore, these individuals do not meet the definition of a CalFresh student and are eligible for CalFresh as a regular HH member if they meet all other eligibility requirements.
Student Meal Plans
Students who live on campus in student housing or dormitories and receive more than half their meals (approximately 11 meals per week) from a student meal plan are not eligible for CalFresh benefits.
Students who live off campus and receive meals through a student meal plan are not considered residents of an institution and may be eligible for CalFresh, if all eligibility requirements are otherwise met.
CalFresh benefits cannot be used to pay for college cafeteria meal plans.
Eligibility Staff must determine the scope of a student meal plan on a case-by-case basis. Eligibility Staff need to ask the student or institution for clarification if it is unclear how many meals the student receives. The institution of higher education is to provide information on programs and services.
Flexible Meal Plans
Eligibility Staff must consider that the value of a meal plan may be represented by the number of meals, points, or dollars included. For flexible meal plans, Eligibility Staff must consider both the total value of the meal plan at the time of application, and the period of time the meals are intended to cover.
Eligibility Staff should fully explore the student’s circumstances, which may require asking additional questions during the initial application or Renewal (RE) interview. For all meal or dining plans where the number of meals per week is not clear, Eligibility Staff must ask the student how many meals the student receives from their meal plan each week.
Example
A student has 50 meal swipes available under a flexible meal plan at the time of application and states that these are intended to last for the remaining 12 weeks of the semester.
Eligibility Staff must calculate the average number of meals per week (e.g., 50 meals divided by 12 weeks equals approximately 4 meals per week) and use this information to help determine whether the student is receiving the majority of their meals, meaning more than half their meals (approximately 11 meals per week) through the plan.
Duration of Exemptions
A student must meet at least one exemption criterion on the interview date to participate in the CalFresh Program. Once an exemption has been established, the exemption typically applies through the length of the certification period, except for the exemptions based on work hours and work-study, or if the individual reports a change in their student status.
Mid-Period Reports
A break or end of work-study or other changes to an individual’s student status is not a mandatory mid-period report. Eligibility Staff must only act on voluntary mid-period reports that would increase benefits unless the reported change is considered Verified Upon Receipt (VUR).
To be considered VUR, the information, such as a change to the student’s work-study program, must be complete, not questionable, requires no further verification and be obtained from the Primary Source, such as an institution of higher education. A Primary Source is a first-hand direct source that has complete and accurate information regarding the circumstances in question.
Under this guidance, a voluntary mid-period report from a student regarding changes to their approval, award, or acceptance for state for federally funded work-study is not considered VUR, as the student is not the primary source of that information.
Local Programs that Increase Employability (LPIEs) Identification and Qualification
- Counties do not participate in the process of identifying campus-based LPIEs. Instead, the Universities of California (UCs), California State Universities (CSUs), and California Community Colleges (CCCs) submit a comprehensive list of campus-based LPIEs to the California Department of Social Services (CDSS) for approval.
- The UCs, CSUs, and CCCs have identified General Programs that qualify as LPIEs and exist on multiple campuses: Campus Employment (no minimum hour requirement), Research Assistantships, Teaching Assistantships, Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Programs, College Corps, and Learning-Aligned Employment Program (LAEP).
- As of September 1, 2022, programs at private institutions do not qualify as an LPIE.
- As of September 1, 2022, most State-funded foster youth programs no longer automatically qualify as LPIEs. Instead, these programs must be individually submitted for assessment and approval by CDSS to appear on the List of Approved LPIEs.
New Guidance on LPIEs
Associate and Bachelor's Degree Programs at Public Institutions of Higher Education
As of June 1, 2026, all associate and bachelor's degree programs offered at any CCC, CSU, or UC campus are LPIEs. This streamlined approval process applies only to associate and bachelor's degree programs at CCC, CSU and UC campuses. It does not apply to programs offered at private institutions.
This streamlined approval process does not apply to students who are enrolled in post-undergraduate, advanced or other degree programs (e.g., masters/graduate or doctoral degree programs). This does not change the review and approval process for other LPIE program types.
Students qualify for an LPIE exemption under this new guidance if they are:
- Attending a CCC, CSU, or UC half-time or more, and
- Enrolled in an associate or bachelor’s degree program in any major.
This includes associate degrees for transfer. A student that has not declared a major but is enrolled in the general education courses required to obtain an associate or bachelor’s degree is also eligible for this LPIE exemption.
A household’s verbal or written statement that a student is enrolled in an associate or bachelor's degree program at a public institution of higher education is acceptable verification unless questionable.
CDSS will update the List of Approved LPIEs to reflect that all associate and bachelor’s degree programs are approved across all CCC, CSU, and UC campuses. Eligibility Staff must not question a student’s claim of participation in an LPIE solely because a specific associate or bachelor’s program does not appear on the list.
New Process for Identifying LPIEs
Based on evaluation of required coursework and analysis of graduate outcomes, CDSS has determined that all associate and bachelor’s degree programs at California’s public institutions of higher education include at least one component equivalent to a CalFresh Employment & Training (E&T) component. These programs improve basic skills, build work readiness, or otherwise improve employability. Further, CDSS has determined these undergraduate degree programs expand the job search abilities and employability of those enrolled.
The new process must be applied to all initial applications and REs beginning June 1, 2026. For REs, the new process will apply to households with a RE due in June 2026 and onwards. Voluntary mid-period reports made on or after June 1, 2026, regarding participation in an LPIE must only be acted upon mid-period if the change would result in an increase in benefits.
CDSS has worked with the UCs, CSUs, and CCCs to assist campuses in identifying and assessing campus-based programs for approval. The Center for Healthy Communities (CHC), a CalFresh Outreach prime contractor based out of California State University, Chico assists campuses in identifying and submitting LPIEs.
Programs that must be submitted for individual review include, but are not limited to: graduate/advanced degree programs, certificate programs, Career and Technical Education (CTE) programs, and adult basic education programs.
Many programs on the List of Approved LPIEs may be outside the regular curriculum of colleges or universities. Non-regular curriculums include, but are not limited to: continuing education, workforce development, adult basic education, and ESOL programs. Students enrolled exclusively in non-regular curriculums are not considered enrolled in an institution of higher education and as such are not subject to the student eligibility rule.
Some students may be enrolled in both regular and non-regular curricula at institutions of higher education. Students who are enrolled half-time or more in a regular curriculum are subject to the student eligibility rule and must meet an exemption to qualify for CalFresh. Participation in any approved LPIE, including those considered non-regular curriculum programs, may be used to meet an exemption.
The UCs, CSUs, and CCCs will identify other programs that meet the LPIE criteria and submit them to the CHC. CDSS updates the List of Approved LPIEs on the CDSS website on the first workday of each month. Any changes to the list including newly qualifying programs, or programs previously approved that no longer meet the criteria are incorporated monthly.
Eligibility Staff must continue to use the List of Approved LPIEs posted on the CDSS CalFresh Resource Center Policy Page under “CalFresh Student Eligibility: List of Approved LPIEs” to confirm programs are listed as approved.
General Programs Identified
In addition to individual LPIE program identification, the UCs, CSUs, and CCCs have identified General Programs, which meet the criteria for an LPIE. All campuses may have students participating in one or more General Programs below:
- Campus Employment Program: Students employed by their campus, or a recognized auxiliary organization are considered as participating in a Campus Employment Program. For LPIE purposes, an auxiliary organization must be overseen by the UC, CSU, or CCC and must serve the institution of higher education.
Note: Students enrolled in this program do not need to work an average of 20 hours per week or a total of 80 hours per month to meet the criteria for an exemption to the student eligibility rule because LPIEs do not have a minimum hour requirement.
- Research and Teaching Assistantship Programs: Students hired for a research and/or a teaching assistant position, whether paid or unpaid or part of a training program, are considered as participating in a Research Assistantship Program and/or Teaching Assistantship Program.
- All Associate and Bachelor’s Degree Programs at CCC, CSU, and UC campuses are approved statewide as LPIE General Programs.
- College Corps, LAEP and WIOA Programs are approved statewide as LPIE General Programs.
To the extent possible, students will be notified of their enrollment in one of the above programs by their campus based on available student data.
Removal of LPIEs at Private Institutions
An LPIE must be operated by a State or local government. Due to this requirement, previously approved programs not operated by a UC, CSU, or CCC were removed from the List of Approved LPIEs as of September 1, 2022.
Reassessment of Previously Approved Statewide Programs.
The automatic approval of most State-funded and foster youth programs was removed. The removal of the automatic approval of these programs took effect as of September 1, 2022. The programs to be individually identified and assessed as containing the equivalent of an Employment & Training (E&T) component include:
- Extended Opportunity Programs and Services (EOPS);
- Educational Opportunity Program (EOP);
- Disabled Students Programs and Services (DSPS) & Student Academic Services (SAS);
- Cooperative Agencies Resources for Education (CARE) Program;
- McNair Scholars Program;
- Mathematics, Engineering, Science Achievement (MESA) Program;
- Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URM) Program;
- Guardian Scholars Program;
- Foster Youth Success Initiative (FYSI);
- Cooperating Agencies Foster Youth Educational Support (CAFYES);
- Puente Project;
- Chafee Education and Training Voucher (ETV) Program; and
- Extended Foster Care (AB 12/AB 212).
Note: The WIOA Program will continue to receive automatic approval due to meeting the exemption.
Summer Enrollment
The student status of an individual begins on the first day of the school term. Individuals who apply for CalFresh during summer, prior to the start of their first official day of the regular school term and at the time of the Intake interview have not started school yet, are not considered to be a CalFresh student. Therefore, they are not subject to the student eligibility rule at the time of application. If approved, their student status will be reassessed at renewal (RE). At RE, they will be subject to the student eligibility rule and must meet an exemption to continue receiving CalFresh benefits, unless they are no longer considered a “student” per CalFresh policy.
Example 1
An individual, age 25, applies in July and at the time of interview reports they have never attended an institution of higher education before. They also state they plan to enroll full-time as a student at the local CSU during the upcoming fall semester. In this scenario, the individual is not subject to the student eligibility rule because during the interactive interview they were not enrolled in an institution of higher education.
Example 2
A student applies for CalFresh in June, during their summer break from college. At the time of interview, the student states that they are enrolled at their local college to continue attending as a full-time student during the upcoming fall semester. In this scenario, the student is subject to the student eligibility rule because they are already enrolled and plan on continuing as student during the upcoming college semester.
Vocational School Enrollment Clarification
Some vocational school, trade school, and technical school programs do not use units/credits, semesters, or quarters and instead track attendance by clock hours, weeks, modules, or scheduled instructional hours.
When a vocational, trade, or technical program does not use units/credits or academic terms, Eligibility Staff must determine half-time enrollment using the school’s official enrollment standard (e.g., clock hours, scheduled instructional hours, weeks, or modules). If the vocational, trade, or technical school does not define half-time enrollment, but defines full-time enrollment, then Eligibility Staff may use half of the full-time requirement to determine the
student’s enrollment status. The definition may be supported by documentary evidence or information documented on the Journal page.
Eligibility Staff must work with the CalFresh HH and/or institution to determine half-time enrollment as needed and document the basis for the determination on the Journal page.